If all apples are fruit, then why are all fruit not apples? Because the part does not represent the whole. A Government Contractor discovered this when it learned that all unsuitable material was unsatisfactory material; but, all unsatisfactory material was not unsuitable material. Let me explain . . .
Under a Contract with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for two explosives storage magazines and a storm drain at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, “unsatisfactory materials” were to be replaced with satisfactory materials. Basically, “unsatisfactory materials” included anything that could not be used as backfill.
As is typical, the Corps answered several pre-bid questions that later became amendments to the Contract. One of the Corps’ answers stated, “assume unsuitable material is not encountered.” The Contractor improperly equated “unsuitable material” with “unsatisfactory material.”
Although the term “unsuitable material” was not separately defined in the Contract, the Court found that other Contract provisions (e.g., pre-bid Q&A’s, specs, and soil borings) helped to define it as “unsatisfactory material” but only at certain depths/locations. Thus, the pre-bid Q&A did not pertain to “unsatisfactory materials” generally; but, only a subset of unsatisfactory materials – “unsuitable materials.”
While the whole included the part (unsatisfactory material included all unsuitable material), the part did not equal the whole (unsuitable material did not include all unsatisfactory material).
Changes Made After Substantial Completion Did Not Extend Overall Project Time
Contractors take heed – a time extension may be issued after substantial completion for specific work and the Government can still assess […]
One-Sided Construction Arbitration Clause Valid in Virginia
When it’s time to butt heads, know how the local turf (court) will interpret the clause.
Manage the Risk of Construction Changes
Almost any problem on a construction project can be traced to one of two things: changes or delays (even delays are really just changes). As in life, embrace and manage the change don’t run from it.
Want Your Profit? Prove a Constructive Change, Not a Suspension of Work.
What’s the Difference Between a Suspension of Work and a Constructive Change? For federal contractors, there are two main differences: . . .
No Special Defenses to Arbitration Agreements
Arbitration agreements, whether they are separate or part of a larger agreement, are contracts – an enforceable set of promises between parties. […]
How to Find (and Confirm) the Plain Meaning in a Contract
Contract formation confirms the parties understand and agree to all the essential terms. When that understanding and agreement fades, how do you […]
Navigating the Requirements for Claims against Virginia Public Entities
Contractors making claims against Virginia public entities must follow ALL applicable requirements. Such requirements may be found in several places, so check […]
Virginia General Contractors Not Protected from Pre-Work Claim Waivers
On March 2, 2018, the Governor approved an act of the Virginia General Assembly to make unenforceable pre-work waivers of lien rights […]
Adding Terms to a Government Contract without Saying So
Imagine an incredulous Contractor asking, “Show me in the Contract where it says I’m supposed to do X?” The Government Contracting Officer smugly answers, “even though the Contract doesn’t say so, you must do it anyway.” Is that even possible, when, how?
